29 research outputs found

    The Stability and Growth Pact - Not the best but better than nothing. Reviewing the debate on fiscal policy in Europe's Monetary Union

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    This paper aims to review the economic literature on the Maastricht deficit rule and the Stability and Growth Pact. The author tries to expose the contradictions and inconclusiveness of the debate, highlighting both the criticism and the defense of the fiscal policy regime in EMU. The paper is non-technical and seeks to provide an overview for a readership outside the economics profession. The concluding judgment is that the pact can be criticized on a number of grounds, but that the lack of a politically feasible alternative makes it a second best solution that should not be undermined in the present crisis. -- Dieses Papier ist eine summarische Auswertung der wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Fachliteratur zur Defizitregel des Maastrichter Vertrages und dem EuropĂ€ischen StabilitĂ€ts- und Wachstumspakt. Der Autor versucht, WidersprĂŒche und fehlenden Konsens der Debatte darzustellen, indem die Argumente fĂŒr und gegen das fiskalpolitische Regime der WĂ€hrungsunion einander gegenĂŒbergestellt werden. Der Aufsatz ist nicht technisch und dient dem Zugang einer an der Materie interessierten, aber wirtschaftstheoretisch nicht vorgebildeten Leserschaft. Das abschließende Urteil sieht den Pakt als in einer Reihe von Punkten kritikwĂŒrdiges Provisorium an, das jedoch mangels einer realisierbaren Alternative nicht ausgehebelt werden sollte.

    The dog that would never bite? The past and future of the Stability and Growth Pact

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    This paper analyses the underlying reasons for the creation of the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) and its subsequent development in recent years. The paper examines the economic and political factors behind it, including the role of economic ideas, experts, politicians, institutional arrangements in the Maastricht Treaty, domestic politics, and the exceptional position of Germany in the realm of monetary integration in the EU. It concludes that a set of commonly held beliefs together with a corresponding power-political constellation explain the creation of the SGP. -- Das Papier analysiert die grundlegenden Bedingungen fĂŒr das Zustandekommen des StabilitĂ€ts- und Wachstumspakts (SGP) und seiner Entwicklung in den Folgejahren. Es werden ökonomische und politische Faktoren untersucht, insbesondere die Rolle wirtschaftspolitischer Vorstellungen und den Einfluss von Experten, Politikern, institutioneller Regelungen im Maastricht Vertrag, innenpolitischer VorgĂ€nge und die Sonderstellung Deutschlands im Bereich der EuropĂ€ischen WĂ€hrungsunion. Die gemeinschaftlichen wirtschaftspolitischen Vorstellungen werden als notwendige Bedingung fĂŒr die Schaffung des Paktes aufgefasst, und ihr Zusammentreffen mit einer entsprechenden machtpolitischen Spielkonstellation wird als dessen hinreichende ErklĂ€rung verstanden.

    Economic and Social Models in Europe and the Importance of Reform

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    This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on European economic and social models. It provides a comparative assessment of fiscal and regulatory policies in 17 industrialised countries (the EU15, US and Japan) and presents the records of these countries in attaining key economic and social objectives. Social and economic systems that feature efficient public sectors and flexible market structures tend to experience reasonably sustainable public finances, high economic growth, education standards and employment, and well-functioning markets. Anglo-Saxon countries broadly fit this mould, albeit, seemingly, at some cost of income equality. A more pronounced emphasis on welfare state policies and the corresponding relatively high levels of public spending bring benefit to income distribution in the Nordic countries while the resulting inefficiencies in their economies are counterbalanced by flexibility in labour and particularly product markets. Also, a number of reform-minded European countries have improved their fiscal and regulatory policies while significantly enhancing the functioning of markets, fiscal sustainability and economic performance. This was generally attained without jeopardising social objectives. On the other hand, those continental and Mediterranean countries that maintain market inefficiencies and at the same time sustain expensive and inefficient welfare states generally suffer from low growth and employment and less well-functioning markets and face serious risks to their economies’ fiscal sustainability. The findings of this note support calls for the comprehensive reform of fiscal policies, as well as of product and labour markets.fiscal policy, regulation, Nordic model, welfare state, efficiency, reform

    Expenditure reform in industrialised countries: a case study approach

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    This study examines reforms of public expenditure in industrialised countries over the past two decades. We distinguish ambitious and timid reformers and analyse in detail reform experiences in eight case studies of ambitious reform episodes. We find that ambitious reform countries reduce spending on transfers, subsidies and public consumption while largely sparing education spending. Such expenditure retrenchment is also typically part of a comprehensive reform package that includes improvements in fiscal institutions as well as structural and other macroeconomic reforms. The study finds that ambitious expenditure retrenchment and reform coincides with large improvements in fiscal and economic growth indicators. JEL Classification: H5, H6, O57case studies, debt, deficit, Economic Growth, Employment, expenditure reform, fiscal institutions, public expenditure

    Expenditure reform in industralised countries: a case study approach

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    This study examines reforms of public expenditure in industrialised countries over the past two decades. We distinguish ambitious and timid reformers and analyse in detail reform experiences in eight case studies of ambitious reform episodes. We find that ambitious reform countries reduce spending on transfers, subsidies and public consumption while largely sparing education spending. Such expenditure retrenchment is also typically part of a comprehensive reform package that includes improvements in fiscal institutions as well as structural and other macroeconomic reforms. The study finds that ambitious expenditure retrenchment and reform coincides with large improvements in fiscal and economic growth indicators. --public expenditure,expenditure reform,economic growth,deficit,debt,employment,case studies,fiscal institutions

    The dog that would never bite? The past and future of the stability and growth pact

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    "Das Papier analysiert die grundlegenden Bedingungen fĂŒr das Zustandekommen des StabilitĂ€ts- und Wachstumspakts (SGP) und seiner Entwicklung in den Folgejahren. Es werden ökonomische und politische Faktoren untersucht, insbesondere die Rolle wirtschaftspolitischer Vorstellungen und den Einfluss von Experten, Politikern, institutioneller Regelungen im Maastricht Vertrag, innenpolitischer VorgĂ€nge und die Sonderstellung Deutschlands im Bereich der EuropĂ€ischen WĂ€hrungsunion. Die gemeinschaftlichen wirtschaftspolitischen Vorstellungen werden als notwendige Bedingung fĂŒr die Schaffung des Paktes aufgefasst, und ihr Zusammentreffen mit einer entsprechenden machtpolitischen Spielkonstellation wird als dessen hinreichende ErklĂ€rung verstanden." [Autorenreferat]"This paper aims to review the economic literature on the Maastricht deficit rule and the Stability and Growth Pact. The author tries to expose the contradictions and inconclusiveness of the debate, highlighting both the criticism and the defense of the fiscal policy regime in EMU. The paper is non-technical and seeks to provide an overview for a readership outside the economics profession. The concluding judgment is that the pact can be criticized on a number of grounds, but that the lack of a politically feasible alternative makes it a second best solution that should not be undermined in the present crisis." [authorÂŽs abstract

    Der EuropÀische StabilitÀts- und Wachstumspakt . Institutionendesign im Selbstbindungsdilemma

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    Die Dissertation behandelt Entstehung und Umsetzung des europĂ€ischen StabilitĂ€ts- und Wachstumspaktes aus Perspektive des akteurzentrierten Institutionalismus. Die institutionelle Ausformung von Haushaltspolitik in der Wirtschafts- und WĂ€hrungsunion wird als Beispiel und LehrstĂŒck fĂŒr die Gestaltung von wirtschaftspolitischen Institutionen im allgemeinen und auf europĂ€ischer und internationaler Ebene im besonderen untersucht. Die Arbeit beginnt mit einer Rekonstruktion der historischen HandlungsverlĂ€ufe, um diese problem- und prozessanalytisch aufzubereiten. Im Zentrum der Untersuchung steht das als "Selbstbindungsdilemma" vorgestellte SpannungsverhĂ€ltnis zwischen der Schaffung von Vertrauen durch Selbstbindung von souverĂ€nen Akteuren an strikte Regeln einerseits und der Notwendigkeit andererseits, um einer wirksamen Problemlösung willen flexibel auf nicht vorhersehbare neue Bedingungen und Erfahrungen reagieren zu können

    Ekonomski i socijalni modeli u Europi i vaĆŸnost reforme

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    Ovaj rad doprinos je tekućoj raspravi o europskome ekonomskom i socijalnom modelu. On sadrĆŸava usporednu ocjenu fiskalnih i regulacijskih politika 17 industrijaliziranih zemalja (EU-15, SAD-a i Japana) i prikazuje podatke o rezultatima tih zemalja u postizanju ključnih gospodarskih i socijalnih ciljeva. Socijalni i ekonomski sustavi koji karakteriziraju učinkoviti javni sektor i fleksibilne strukture trĆŸiĆĄta obično se temelje na razmjerno odrĆŸivim javim financijama, visokome gospodarskom rastu, standardima obrazovanja i zaposlenosti, a njihova trĆŸiĆĄta uspjeĆĄno funkcioniraju. Anglosaksonske zemlje uglavnom se uklapaju u taj okvir, iako se čini da to donekle ide na ĆĄtetu jednakosti dohotka. Jači naglasak na politici socijalne drĆŸave te odgovarajuće visoke razine javne potroĆĄnje pogoduju raspodjeli dohotka u nordijskim zemljama, dok se neučinkovitost njihovih gospodarstava koja iz toga proizlazi kompenzira fleksibilnoơću trĆŸiĆĄta rada i, poglavito, trĆŸiĆĄta proizvoda. Osim toga, niz reformski orijentiranih europskih zemalja unaprijedilo je svoju fiskalnu i regulacijsku politiku i pritom znatno poboljĆĄalo funkcioniranje trĆŸiĆĄta, fiskalnu odrĆŸivost i gospodarske rezultate. To je uglavnom postignuto bez ugroĆŸavanja socijalnih ciljeva. Za razliku od toga, kontinentalne i mediteranske zemlje, koje imaju neučinkovita trĆŸiĆĄta a istodobno odrĆŸavaju skupu i neučinkovitu socijalnu drĆŸavu, uglavnom imaju nizak rast i zaposlenost, njihova trĆŸiĆĄta loĆĄije funkcioniraju, a fiskalna odrĆŸivost njihovih gospodarstava ozbiljno je ugroĆŸena. Rezultati ovog rada dodatni su poziv na sveobuhvatnu reformu fiskalne politike, kao i trĆŸiĆĄta proizvoda i rada

    Legitimacy intermediation in the multilevel European polity and its collapse in the euro crisis

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    This essay re-examines the dual – republican and liberal – foundations of democratic legitimacy in the Western traditions of normative political theory. Considered in isolation, the European Union conforms to liberal standards but cannot satisfy republican criteria. Given these conflicting standards, debates on the alleged European democratic deficit have remained inconclusive. Moreover, they have failed to pay sufficient attention to the multilevel character of the European polity and to the normative potential of legitimacy intermediation in its two-step compliance and legitimating relationships. I argue, however, that the capacity of democratic member states to legitimate the exercise of European governing functions is being destroyed in the present euro crisis, and I briefly discuss the implications of this new constellation.In der westlichen Tradition der normativen politischen Theorie beruht demokratische LegitimitĂ€t auf der doppelten Grundlage republikanischer und liberaler Prinzipien. FĂŒr sich betrachtet entspricht die EuropĂ€ische Union zwar liberalen Kriterien, aber eben nicht den republikanischen Anforderungen. Angesichts so unterschiedlicher Kriterien konnte es auch im Streit ĂŒber das angebliche europĂ€ische Demokratiedefizit keine Einigung geben. Überdies ignorierte diese Diskussion den Mehrebenen-Charakter der europĂ€ischen Politik und das normative Potenzial der Legitimationsvermittlung zwischen Union und BĂŒrgern durch die demokratisch verfassten Mitgliedstaaten. Die gegenwĂ€rtige Eurokrise allerdings zerstört die FĂ€higkeit demokratischer Mitgliedstaaten, die AusĂŒbung europĂ€ischer Herrschaftsfunktionen zu legitimieren. Der Aufsatz erörtert die Implikationen dieser neuen Konstellation.1 Introduction 2 Legitimacy discourses The republican discourse The liberal discourse Differences 3 Constitutional democracies – and the European Union? 4 Legitimacy intermediation in the multilevel European polity 5 The end of legitimacy intermediation in the euro crisis Monetary Union and the failure of output legitimacy Rescuing the euro through supranational intervention 6 Legitimate supranational government? Input-oriented European legitimacy? 7 Reducing the burden on European legitimacy Reference
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